In late September, the rear wall of Arko Art Center (built in 1979) in Dongsung-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, was demolished.

The removal of the wall, which stood 2.7 meters high and stretched 8 meters long, was intended to transform the area into an open space by creating a passage between the public art museum and Marronnier Park. This had also been the dream of architect Kim Swoo-geun (1931–1986), who designed the museum.


Before (left) and after (right) the removal of the rear wall of Arko Art Center in Dongsung-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul. When designing the museum in 1977, architect Kim Swoo-geun (1931–1986) envisioned an open space accessible to everyone without discrimination and did not include a boundary wall in the original design. © Opening Project Team

Kim Swoo-geun, a first-generation Korean architect who, alongside Kim Chung-up (1922–1988), played a leading role in the country's architectural scene, envisioned an exhibition space that anyone could enjoy without discrimination.

The museum, distinguished by its red-brick architecture, was conceived as a "womb-like space" that was enclosed yet never completely closed off. It was also intended to serve as a cultural passage connecting the main street of Daehangno to Naksan Mountain behind the museum, carrying considerable symbolic significance.

However, his vision was never realized. Lee Beom-jae, professor emeritus at Dankook University and former director at SPACE Group Architects, explained, "There was no wall in Kim Swoo-geun's original design from 1977. However, members of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's architectural review committee opposed the plan, forcing a compromise in the form of a low wall with gates on either side. Various speculations circulated about the decision. The most widely accepted explanation was that many influential Seoul National University graduates lived in the affluent residential neighborhood behind the museum."


An installation artwork created by young artists using materials from the demolished wall of Arko Art Center © Opening Project Team

As Seoul National University's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences relocated and Daehangno developed into a commercial district, the museum's walls became increasingly fortified. The passageways on either side were completely closed, and the wall was raised. As the nearby park became an area associated with juvenile delinquency, homelessness, and crime, the museum grew increasingly isolated from its surroundings.

Yet Kim Swoo-geun's vision, which had seemed destined to remain unrealized, finally came to fruition 36 years later through the collaboration of five young artists. The initiative, known as the Opening project, was the winning proposal in the 《Public Art Open Call Audition》 organized by Arko Art Center the previous year.

Their proposal was selected for an installation art exhibition initiated by the museum to complement the newly transformed Marronnier Park, which had become an open public space. The project brought together artists in their twenties and thirties, including Bobae Goo (landscape architecture), Socheol Kim and Jaeyeon Chung (visual arts), Jiyeon Kim (curatorial planning), and Charo Lee (architecture).

Visual artist Jaeyeon Chung explained, "We were able to locate Kim Swoo-geun's original design in an academic paper by an architectural scholar. Professor Lee Beom-jae, who assisted with the museum's architectural design, also vividly remembered the circumstances at the time."

The project team demolished the wall on September 28, removing the red-brick barrier and allowing visitors greater freedom of movement. The process was documented through video and photography. Team members emphasized, "Beyond restoring Kim Swoo-geun's original architectural vision, the project is significant in that it illuminated the rear passage of Arko Art Center, one of the darkest and most neglected areas in Daehangno, while extending the reach of public art into Marronnier Park."

However, the demolished wall now faces the prospect of being replaced by a railing-like barrier. The project has lost momentum due to complaints from some nearby residents who claim that the removal of the wall has compromised their privacy, as well as the museum's ambiguous stance on the issue. On the upcoming 23rd, the project team plans to present the findings of a comparative study examining conditions before and after the wall's removal, based on online and offline surveys collected over the past two months and an analysis of CCTV footage.

Meanwhile, buildings designed by Kim Swoo-geun are gradually disappearing, including the SPACE Group Building (1971) in Wonseo-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, which is scheduled for public sale. The former Sewoon Sangga complex (1967), stretching from Jongno to Toegye-ro in Seoul, the former triangular-shaped Hankook Ilbo headquarters (1968) in Junghak-dong, and the former Tower Hotel (1969) in Jangchung-dong have already disappeared.

Other buildings, including the Oyang Building (1962) in Myeongdong 1-ga, the Freedom Center (1963) in Jangchung-dong, Buyeo National Museum (1965), Hangyeryeong Service Area (1979), Kyungdong Church (1980), and Seoul Olympic Main Stadium (1986), face similarly uncertain futures.

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