Poster image of 《Black》 © Perigee Gallery

Park Meena’s solo exhibition 《Black》 is comprised of three major series. The first, ‘Black Pens’ has been ongoing project from 2006 to 2024, involving the collection of various black pens available in the market. Park meticulously draws lines at uniform intervals on A4-sized copy paper. Underneath the completed 498 drawings, the brand and unique number of each pen are documented, and Park has cataloged them separately.

The second, 2014-Black resolves around the collection of currently available black oil paints Park utilizes these paints to cover 55 square surfaces, each measuring 27.3x27.3cm, entirely in black. The third, 2014-BGORRY and 2024-BGORRY, differing only in pixel size, fills six colors into pixels, creating an appearance that seems to decompose black into various hues. Park continues to work on the essence of painting through basic elements such as lines, colors, language, and symbols rather than reproducing certain objects.

Park’s creative process begins with the extensive collection of materials as mentioned above. For this exhibition, she gathered all identifiable black pens and oil paints available. The use of material in black sets the foundational scope for her current work within the color category, where she focuses entirely on coloring and drawing lines within the predefined framework.

This preface is intended to encourage audiences to explore and interpret what they see in 《Black》 rather than emphasizing Park’s specific intentions for the exhibition. Therefore, this preface remains in a partial account, based on an interview with Park, describing fragments of thoughts that come to mind from the perspective of one audience member.
 
When you enter the gallery, the first thing that catches your eye is the color “black”. This single word encompasses various shades, each revealed as Park spreads different types of pens and paints, all in black, made by different companies. While they may all be classified as black, each one evokes a distinct feeling. The significance of recognizing these differences lies in challenging our fixed notions, taking the first step towards flexibility.

Park highlights that those who receive painting education are initially discouraged from using commercially available achromatic black paint. Instead, they are encouraged to create their own version by combining various chromatic colors. The resulting black, mixed with different chromatic colors, produces a range of blacks depending on the color and ratio. This prompts us to question what we truly define as black. Can we visually distinguish between the achromatic black sold in the market and the black created with chromatic colors?

These thoughts lead us to ponder the very essence of black. Her work creates a unique situation where we discover something unfamiliar, breaking away from the repetitively learned concepts. Presenting this work in an exhibition seems to create an environment that challenges the fixed frames we imagine in our minds. It's not just about observing an object with a single gaze but carefully exploring and critically reevaluating our perceptions.

The process of collecting colors and establishing rules and parameters in her work likely stems from her perception of herself as a standardized performer and a model of standardized behavior. This approach underscores why she sees formulating clear rules in her work as the foundational principles of practice and the guiding axis of the creative process.


Installation view of 《Black》 © Perigee Gallery

The series of works titled ‘Black Pens’ which fill the gallery wall, immerse the viewer in Park's profound obsession and create an overwhelming atmosphere. I found myself intrigued by the process of coloring and drawing lines in her work. Executed repeatedly from 2006 to 2024, these works must encapsulate the process and remnants of the line-drawing activity. When standing in front of these pieces, one can envision the meticulous process and time invested by Park as she places a copy paper and employs a pen and ruler to repeat the same action.

Amidst the mechanical repetition accompanied by a sense of effort, a deeper narrative emerges. The question arises whether her subjective expression can truly be excluded from the work, given the rules she has imposed. Replicating the same act numerous times, especially under conscious control, is challenging. With increasing repetitions, it approaches unconscious behavior, making it impossible to achieve an exact machine-like precision.

Thus, while Park's action appears as mechanically repeated, her drawings reveal no truly identical lines. The installation of 498 drawings, brought together by these lines, introduces an intriguing element – the unpredictability of how the audience will perceive the myriad lines. Although the series ‘Black Pens’ is meticulously executed through clear standards, range settings, and Park's mechanical behavior, the resulting scene unfolds as a product of randomness. Throughout the production process, her actions expose a subtle interplay between conscious control and unconscious repetition, illustrating the boundary of a range that defies perfect categorization as rational, emotional, conscious, unconscious, subjective, or objective.
 
What does the concept of a boundary mean to Park? To explore this, let's trace back to the initial step of collecting pens and paints. The black amassed on this occasion doesn't encompass everything collectible, but it would be accurate to say it includes as much as possible. These are items that could potentially debut in the market in the future, and there might be discoveries yet to unfold even for Park.

Viewing it from this perspective, the world is not boundlessly infinite, but rather finite. Yet, we resonate with Park's assertion that we assume an infinite realm beyond because our understanding is limited by human perception. The repetitive act she undertakes after such a collection becomes a crucial method for probing the boundaries of what is achievable. Now, let's delve into the artwork and closely examine the pixels distinguished by color. In 2024-BGORRY, each pixel employs the same brushstroke, yet the texture of a distinct surface is evident.

Additionally, meticulously painted boundaries between the colored surfaces are observable. Notably, she concentrates on expressing the boundary that connects and separates each element. These boundaries assert their own space while infusing vibrancy into the adjacent colors. Park suggests that when viewing these color boundaries from a distance, a moment of ambiguity may emerge, creating a cohesive presentation rather than separate entities.

Therefore, the focus in her work should be on the clear distinction observed up close and the subtle interplay of differences seen from a step back, a dynamic of pull and push. These boundaries not only convey something distinct but also draw attention to the surroundings they exclude. Consequently, our gaze remains fixed on the boundary line while surveying the painted surface. The peculiar sensation experienced here naturally infiltrates our perception and its gaps, akin to the revelation of the boundary's identity when diverging from the established path or slightly deviating from it.
 
Finally, I contemplate the significance of the black color that permeated 'my' vision. Examining the linguistic and symbolic implications of the black hue that traditionally surrounds us, black attire often symbolizes simplicity, solemnity, the authority of priests, and mourning for the departed. Additionally, as one of the "five colors," it represents the north, while black crows and cats are associated with ominousness. When applied to people, black has been employed in a discriminatory manner, belittling black individuals, and metaphorically characterizing a malevolent heart.

Furthermore, black symbolizes darkness, as seen in expressions like pitch-black night, representing a state where color cannot exist due to the absence of light. This absence of light, akin to death for us, instills fear and anxiety. It also signifies a return to a state of nothingness, resembling the black hole in the universe, where distinctions cease to exist. These diverse symbolic systems prompt reflection on the language and symbols written in black on white paper.

This encapsulates the fundamental nature of a system where the act of filling something new coexists with the complex notion that something may have been erased. However, similar to gazing into deep waters or contemplating the vast universe, the inherent darkness of black inspires thoughts of undiscovered realms latent in our abyss. Black, in this context, becomes a space-time with infinite potential, free from boundaries. It represents a perfectly unstable state, wherein the quiet surface simultaneously reveals filling and emptying, lack and excess.

This intrinsic quality exposes the incompleteness that underlies our pursuit of essence and completion. Therefore, this exhibition, exploring various approaches to black, serves as a platform to organically expand our perceptual framework while examining and deciphering the imprints within us. In her artistic endeavors, Park eliminates subjective judgment and taste by obsessively repeating the use of black. Paradoxically, this approach quietly dismantles our futile objective support, highlighting the ephemeral and subjective nature of such constructs.
 
As observed thus far, Park creates multiple series utilizing the black material. However, following this, these series branch out into various interpretations, straying from the fixed framework of completion within the exhibition. Consequently, 《Black》 transforms into an exhibition brimming with potential to be interpreted differently depending on the observer and the path they choose. Park may even welcome a narrative resembling a mistranslation, where the audience reads her work in a way different from her original intention.

In essence, she desires that viewers in front of her work remain open-minded, not constrained by rigidity, and that the audience themselves traverse the boundaries of her work, unleashing their maximum imagination—much like Park embracing fixed and limited elements in another dimension. This interaction unfolds as a natural interplay between the formal device and the intuition observing it, without rejecting each other. It appears to transcend limits through the mutual exploration of each other's boundaries.

Therefore, our task is to open our eyes wide, attempting to see everything and allowing our hearts to embrace each element that comes into our view one by one. Achieving this requires thorough examination of Park's laid-out works, looking at them directly with our eyes. While certainly not an effortless endeavor, practicing the persistent observation demonstrated by Park enables us to uncover a peculiar narrative that remains untold within the already contained story. Ultimately, Park Meena’s work is not a terminal point where we settle for a particular result; rather, it serves as a springboard and starting point for what comes next. This underscores the need for a concerted effort to actively engage with and decipher her work.

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